Justifying typewriter



Nov. 25, 1941- c w. NORTON JUSTIFYING I I'YPEWRIIITER Filed Oct. s, 1938 10 Sheets-Shet 2 n Rim m0 2E film WW n I f HY 2 Nov. 25, 1941. c w. NORTON 2,263,642

JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITER n Filed Oct. 5, 1938 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 1Z2 JUSTIFIED/ This is a sample of typewriting written UNJUSTIFIED This is a sample of typewriting written/' on the "Vari-Typer" set for letter spacing of on the "Vari-Typer" set for letter spacing of "16" characters Cache inch, and shows the 1"l6".characters to the inch, and shows the,

njustified lines in the left column and I .unjustified lines in the left column nd the justified lines in the right column.

the justified lines in the right column.

This is a sample of typewriting writl i I 1151 i This is a sample of typewriting written on the "Yari-Typer" set for letter ten on the "Var i-Typer" set for lette spacing of "14" characters to the inch. l specing of "14" characters to the incht] This is a sample of typewriting This is a sample of typewriting written on the "Vari-Typer" set [written on the "Vari-Typer" set for letter spacing of "12" char- .for letter spacing of "12" char-- acters to the inch. acters to the inch- This is a sample of type- This is a sample of typewrlting written on the "Variwriting written on the "Vari- Typer" set for letter spacing .Typer" set for letter spacing of "10" characters to the of- "10" characters to the inch. i nch Zey1.

INVENTOR.

Nov. 25, 1941.

c. w. NORTON JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITER Filed Oct. 5, 193B 10 Sheets-Sheet 4 Nov; 25', 1941.

' C. w. NORTON JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITER Filed Oct. 5, 1938 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR f/zalgw W 170F507 I I mat MM ATTORNEYS Nov. 25, 1941 c. w; NORTON 2, 63,

' JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITER Filed Oct. 5, 19 38 10 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR Nov. 25, 1941'. c. w. NORTON JUSTIFYING TYPEWRITER Filed-Oct. 5, 193a 1o Sheets-Sheet 8 Una .1 I

' INVENTOR [arlg WT Worm/a M.%

ATTORNEYS Nov. 25, 1941. w. NORTON JusTIF NG TYPEWRITER Filed Oct. 5, 1958 10 Sheets-Sheet 1O &

v BY

' mi 4 WW: ATTORNEYS standard length.

printing to bring the line to a Patented Nov. 25, 1941 Charles W. Norton,

to Ralph C.

Coxhead Corporation,

West Orange, N. J., assignor New York,

N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application October 5, 1938, Serial No. 233,365

30 Claims.

The present invention relates broadly to typewriters and more especially to carriage feed mechanism by which typewritten lines may be justified. I I

In order to justify a line of typewriting or standard length, it is necessary to know the difference in units between an unjustified line and the standard length constituting the justified line. This information is obtained after the unjustified line has been set up either by the way of type or by typewriting the characters on a piece 'of paper. When this difference is known, then the amount of necessary space can be added into the line in order to bring the line to the standard length.

In justifying by means of typewriting, it heretofore has been the custom to write a column of unjustified lines to approximately the justified line length and then remove the sheet of paper from the typewriting machine and insert another piece of paper in a typewriting machine equipped for justification and set the machine before each line is written to setting required to stretch the This procedure of the prior art requires the operator to note or calculate the required space units to be added and to set the machine for each line in order that the necessary units will be included in the spacing tobring the line to a The personal equation of the operator is a primary factor method of justifying typewritten lines.

The present invention comprises the utilization of a paper carriage of suflicient width to permit the use of a relatively wide sheet of paper. The unjustified lines are on the left of the paper. When the end of an 'unjustified line is being approached, the machine rings a bell, or establishes some other signal, and'the operator may then type a few more the characteristic line the number f of units necessary to produce'a' column of justified typewriting.

written in a column line.

in the prior art;

characters before the ultimate limit is reached.

edge margin signal of When the operator has This is the right hand the ordinary typewriter.

'finished writing the unjustified line, in accordance with the present invention, the operator depresses a tabulator key which automatically releases the carriage so that it may move to the left hand margin of a newer second column atthe right of the sheet of paper. The operator now writes the same line over in this second column and the machine automatically justifies this re-written line so that it now extends a standard length. This result is obtained by to justify this same line automatic action of the machine. When the unjustified line is being written, as soon as the signal is given, the machine begins to set the space control so as to control the spacing of the carriage when the typewriting is being done Each time the carriage moves .a unit in the left hand or unjustified in'the second column.

column, after the signal is given, the machine automatically sets the carriage feed for the right hand column, one justification unit less. For example, if the marginsignal is set to allow a maximum of eight units to be typed after the signal is given and the line in the unjustified I or left hand column is finished when the signal isgiven, the machine automatically sets the ca!- riage feed for the right hand column (the justitied column) so that eight'units will be disfeed for the right hand column to distribute one.

character throughout the length of the justified From the foregoing, that the writing of the unjustified line in the left hand column automatically sets the feed when it is rewritten in the right hand column. Thus the operator is relieved from any personal calculations or setting of feed mechanism or other personal operations which may introduce errors into the finished product.

Justification may be obtained in several'ways, for example, by using a variable unit escapement which may be set feed units for the typewriter carriage. Another method is to utilize a constant unit escapement and then cause a relative movement between the escapement rack and the carriage so that,'

for example, each time the escapement has moved a constant distance, the carriage moves this constant distance plus a predetermined increment. The present invention may be applied it will be observed to establish different disclosure. is of a construction comprising the preferred embodiment of the invention, but that the invention may be carried out by the use 01 other structures without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Fig.1 is .a plan view of portions of a typewriting machine embodying the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan view of a detail of the lever for changing unit character spacing of the carriage.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the a acaeea ance with the present invention. A carriage H is movable for letter space movement from left to right (as viewed from the rear of the machine), in the direction of the arrow X. This carriage carries a pair of bell cranks ll, the horizontal arms 22 of which are connected by a control bar 26 and the vertical arms I!) of which are connected to an escapement rack I 5. The control bar 24 is provided with a roller 38 that travels upon a track-bar 25 which is parallel to the movement of the carriage H. A sine-bar 35 is pivoted to the track-bar 25 and forms a continnation thereof so that the roller 38 on control bar 26 travels directly from the track-oar 25 onto the sine-bar 35. Each unit movement of the escapement rack 55, under control of the carriage escapement i26 produces a corresponding movement of the carriage it so long as the roller 38 on the control bar 26 remains on the principles of construction of the present invention.

Fig. 4 illustrates a sheet of paper on which have been written an unjustified column at the left and a justified column at the right.

Fig. 5-is a perspective view illustrating the mechanism whereby justificatlon of the typewritten line is accomplished with unessential mechanism omitted and with certain parts in section.

I Fig. 6 is an elevational view of the justification mechanism looking at the back of the construction illustrated in Fig. 1.

Fig. '7 is a perspective view illustrating details of construction of justification mechanism showing portions in section.

8 is an end view of a portion of the paper carriage showing the relation on the justification bell cranks to the paper carriage.

Fig. 9 is a plan view illustrating details of mechanism for controlling the justification sinebar. I

Fig. 10 is an elevational view of the mechanism shown in Hg. 9.

Fig. 11 is a detail view of a ratchet mechanism for the sine-bar taken on line il-ll of Fig. ii.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view illustrating the sine-bar and ratchet mechanism therefor taken on line iii-l2 of Fig. 10.

i3 is a detailed view of the roller on the control bar.

Fig. 14 is a detailed view of the sine-bar and ratchet mechanism for controlling the same.

Fig. 15 is a detailed view of the pointer and character indicator.

Fig. 16 is an end elevation shown in Fig. 15.

Fig. 17 is a perspective view illustrating the mechanism for controlling the sine-bar when the carriage feed is changed from one basic spacing of the construction unit to another.

"for operating the sine-bar.

Before going into a detailed description of the mechanism, reference-will be made to Fig. 3 which illustrates diagrammatically the-mechanism forv accomplishing justification inaccord- The shaft with a crank at on the shaft 52.

track-bar 25. The roller 38 of the control car remains on the track-bar 25 throughout the writing of the unjustified line. As soon as the roller 3%? on the control bar 2 reaches the sinebar 35, the control bar drops downwardly a small increment for each advance movement of the roller on the sine-bar. This occurs during the writing of the justified lines. This dropping down or lowering of the control bar 24 causes the same to rotate the bell cranks i7 and thereby .causes a relative movement between the escapement rack l5 and the carriage l i so that the advance of the carriage now becomes the standard unit interval of the escapement M6 plus the increment produced by the rotation of the bell cranks ll due to the lowering of the control bar 2 5.

As the carriage it moves in the direction of the arrow X, an operating dog M on the carriage encounters a block M on the operating bar 35, which is connected with a pointer 39 and also Thedog ll contacts the block 4141 the moment the signal hell rings. Thus, as the carriage moves with the clog M in contact with the block 6% (to Write a few characters after the signal), the pointer 48 swings on its axis and the shaft 52 is rotated. 52 carries an arm 541 provided with a pin 55 which engages a pin 56 on a ratchet head 55?, so that movement of the arm 56 in the direction of the arrow Z swings with it the ratchet head 57. This ratchet head ii? is mounted on a sleeve 59 which carries an arm 66 that connects by a link ti with the sine-bar 35. After the signal hell rings. each step-by-step movement of the escapement rack of the carriage, through the connections described, raises the free end of the sine-bar in the direction of the arroWJ. The limit of movement of the sine-bar is when the sine-bar becomes aligned with the track-bar 25 which means that all the letters possible have been Written in the unjustifled line. In other words, the unjustified line has now reached the length of the standard justified line. Assume, however, that the parts have reached the condition shown in Fig. 3 and the operator has .dnished writing the unjustiiied line. The operator now pushes the tabulator key which, through a rod 95, lowers the block 6% out of the path of the operating dog ti and permits the carriage to move over to the center line Y where the roller 38 on the control bar 24 rests on the end of the sine-bar 35. At this point, the dog ll holds the ratchet head 51 stationary and holds the sinebar 35 in the inclined been raised.-

position to which it has Y ncapement rack escapement rack l5,

The operator now rewrites the line of typing and the roller 38 on the control bar 24 travels down the sine-bar 35. Theinclination of the sine-bar is such that when the line is finished in the second column, the rewritten line has reached the predetermined justified length.

As the carriage is returned to the left (Fig. 3), the return dog H6 now engages the block 44 and moves the operating bar 45 toward the left. This causes the shaft 52 to turn counter-clockwise and to carry the end of the arm 54 into engagement with the pin ill on the dog 14 to raise the same and release the dog 14 from the ratchet head 51. As soon as this occurs, the weight of the sine-bar pushing downward on the rod 6| turns the arm 60 until it contacts with the stop I22 and the sine-bar has dropped to its lowest position where it stands beyond the ex-.

treme limit of justification permitted in the machine. The parts are now ready for the operator to write a second unjustified line, at the end of which the sine-bar has been raised to the necessary angle required to justify the second line when it is rewritten in the right hand column. These operations are continued for each line desired in the justified column.

The present invention is illustrated and .described as being embodied in a typewriting machine known in the art as the Varityper, which is a key wheel type of machine utilizing type shuttles on which different alphabets are provided so that the machine is capable of typewriting in alphabets of different characters and in letters and characters of ditferent sizes. To this end, the machine is provided with a carriage escapement capable of being adjusted to provide difierent length character spacing for characters of different alphabets variable feed mechanism described in the patent to Trego No. 1,918,299, July 18, 1933.

Referring to Fig. .1,.the typewriting machine comprises a frame I in which are mounted the usual character keys 2 which, because of their well knownfunction in the art, are illustrated diagrammatically, and a space bar t. The character keys control the setting of the type, the op eration of the printing hammer '5, and the escapement for the paper carriage. Suitable ribbon mechanism I is provided to furnish the pigment for making the character impression. The machine, in other words, is a complete typewriting machine of the type well known in the art, and specific details of a general typewriting machine are, therefore, wellfknown and need not be described in detail.

The carriage feed, as above explained, is a multiple feed capable of having four distinct character spacings, and Fig. 2 illustrates a lever 8 and a dial 9 for controlling the carriage feed. The lever 8 may be set in any one of the four notches ill to cause the carriage to move one- I sixteenth, one-fourteenth, one-twelfth, or 'onein accordance with the,

tenth of an inch (as indicated on the dial 9) for each carriage letter space, dependent on the position of the lever 8 relative to the notches 18.

Referring now more especially to Fig. 5, which is a detail view looking from the back of the machine toward the front thereof, this Fig. 5illustrates a carriage frame II in which is slidably mounted a rod i2 that is provided with rearwardly extending arms H which carry an esl5 that is in engagement with a pinion 82 which is controlled by the escapement mechanism, hereinafter tobe described. The

therefore, is capable of slid- ,a control bar 24 so of the track-bar 25 and the ing movement relative to the paper carriage frame, and is attached to the paper carriage frame (see also Figs. 6, '7, and 8) by means of bell.crank levers H which are mounted on brackets 18 secured to the carriage frame II with the downwardly extending arms 19 terminating in heads 28 that are provided with opposing circular curved surfaces whichare both rotatable and slidable between blocks 2| secured to the escapementrack l5. The substantially horizontal arms -22 of the bell cranks H are connected by that when the control bar 24 is raised or lowered, the bell cranks H are rotated on their axes and cause a relative movement between the escapement rack i5 and the paper carriage frame which is mounted for reciprocal movement in the main frame! of the typewriter, as is common practice in the typewriter art.

A track-bar 25 is slidably mounted for adjust- I through a slot in ment with one end extending a right angle end 26 of the notched bar 21 that is fixedly mounted by suitable brackets 28 and 2% on the machine frame i. The other end of the track-bar 25 is carried by a rivet 30 (Fig. 5) which extends from an adjustment sleeve 3i (Figs. 9 and 10) which is provided with a pointer 32 that cooperates with a scale 34. The adjustment sleeve 38 is providedwith a suitable dog (not shown) which cooperates with the notched bar 2? to permit the track-bar 25 to be set in adjusted positions relative to the scale 35 for the purpose of determining the column widths,

as will be hereinafter explained.

A sine-bar 35 is pivoted at 36 to the sleeve 3i directly opposite to the pointer 32 so that the setting of the pointer 32 relative to the scale 36 indicates the position of the axis of the pivot 36 relatively to the scale 36 A clamp sleeve 3'5 is mounted for slidable adjustment on the control bar 2t and carries a roller 38 (Figs. 9, 10, 12, and 13) which rides upon the upper edge sine-bar 35. The adjustable setting of clamp sleeve 31 on the control bar 24 determines thepositionof the left hand margin of the justified column relatively to the paper carriage and to this end, the clamp sleeve 37 is adjusted opposite to the pointer 32 on the The sine-bar- 35 may be swung in a vertical direction around the pivot 36 to various degrees of inclination. It will be observed that as the roller 38 travels down the sine-bar 35, when the carriage escapes from left to right (as viewed from the back of the machine), the control bar 24 is gradually lowered and as the control bar lowers, the carriage is advanced a slight increment in addition to the normal character space, each time a character is typed or a space is provided between words.

When an unjustified line 39" (Fig. 4) is being written on the sheet of paper 40, the roller 38 is travelling on the horizontal track-bar 25. A signal is given when the end of the written line is being approached. The operator may type a few characters after the signal to complete the unjustified line. When the signal is given, the roller-38 is on the track-bar 25 and the sinebar 35 is in its lowest angular position. Asthe operator spaces the carriage or types a character after the signal is given, the sine-bar is automatically swung upwardly by a mechanism that will now be described.

When the signal'is given, an operating dog ll .on the justifying bar l2 (Figs. 3, 5, 18, and 20) has engaged at block 44 on the operating bar positionothervthan at N,

35 which is slidably. mounted in the machine frame i. One end of the operating bar carries a rack d6 which cooperates with a gear segment ii to swing the pointer 68 over the indicator scale 69. Theother end of the operating bar is connected by a link 50 with a crank arm i which is fixedly mounted on a shaft 52 that'is rotatably mounted in the machine frame i. The

rear end of this shaft has an upwardly extending arm 56 fixedly mounted thereon. This arm 53 is provided with a pin 55 .(Figs, 5, 10, and 14) which is adapted to contact with a pin 55 on a ratchet head 5?. The ratchet head 5! comprises an arm 58 rigidly attached to. a sleeve 59 that is rotatable upon the shaft 52 and this sleeve carries an arm 66 which is connected by a link 5!! with a guide sleeve 62 through which the sinebar is slidably movable when the adjustable sleeve 35 is moved relatively to the scale 36. This guide sleeve 62 is held in position by an oscillating link fi l (Figs. and 14) that is pivoted to a bracket 65 carried by the main frame and is pivoted at its forward end'at 68 to the guide sleeve 62. pin 6? (Fig. 17) which slides in a groove E58 in the sine-bar 35 so that the sine-bar may not jump out of the open sleeve 62. As the sinebar 35 is raised or lowered, the oscillating link 66 retains the guide sleeve in its proper position so that when the link (it is raised or lowcred, it correspondingly raises or lowers the sine- .bar.

The ratchet head 57 is provided with four sets of ratchet teeth 69, iii, "it, and 712. These sets of ratchet teeth correspond respectively to the setting of the carriage control lever in one or" the four notches for controlling the unit carriage feed. A holding dog it is adapted to cooperate with any one of the sets of ratchet teeth and the relation of the holding dog "i l a' particular set of ratchet teeth is controlled by the setting of the ver 8 as will now be pointed out with reference to Fig. 17. The dog "it is pivoted to oscillate on stud 73 (Figs. 9, 11, andli) mounted on the v of a lever '15 (Fig. 11) extends into a groove 33 (Fig. 9) to shift the dog M on the stud it. The lever i5 is pivoted at it to the machine frame and is connected by link H with the shift lever i3 which cooperates with the four 8i, and 82 that may be selectively engaged with the escapement rack 35 to control unit distance movement of the carriage when the escapement. operates. The shift lever 38 is pivoted frame and is connected gun, and should be done when the pointer as sets on "N of the dial 39, because at this time, the dog it is out of engagement with the sets of ratchet teeth 59, it, H and 12. In order to insure that the shifting of the carriage feed may not be changed when the pointer 48 is in any the shift rod 35 (Fig.

carriage feed control leat as to the machine 3 The guide sleeve 62 carries a it) carries locking segments 31- and the oper- 1 ating bar d5 carries a locking plate 88 which ,moves into engagement between the locking segments Bl as soon as the operating dog M in engagement with the block M on the operating bar 415 has moved the operating bar 45 endwise.

When the si nal bell has runs. as the operator is typing the unjustified line, and the operator writes a few characters, asv has been explained, the operating dog ii, through the block 44, has moved the operating bar it; endwise and through connected parts, has swung the ratchet head 51! beneath the dog it which engages an advanced notch each time the carriage escapes one character space, and through the link 6!, the sinebar is swung slightly in an upward direction. This movement continues as long as the operator causes the carriage escapement to operate after the signal bell has rung and within the limits permitted as to the number of characters which may be written after that time. ator has finished the unjustified line, the dog it retains the ratchet head 5? in its locked position and thus retains the sine-bar at the angle to which it has been raised.

The machine mechanism in accordance-with Trego Patent No. 1,964,743, July 3, 1934. When the operator has finished writing the unjustified line, the operator depresses the tabulating key 89 (Fig. 18). This key 89 is pivoted in. the main frame on the pivot block 9!] so that when the key is depressed, the I back end of the lever is raised. A cross lever 9! is pivoted on a bracket 92 which is secured to the main frame and bears upon the front arm of a bell crank lever 96. The front end of this bell crank lever carries a rod 95 which connects with the block 416 that is mounted on a pivot screw 96 (Fig. 20) carried by the operator bar 45.

This pivoted block ti t is normally urged against a stop screw 2W by the'spring 38. later key is depressed, the cross lever 9i operating on the forward arm 94 of the bell crank lever pulls downwardly on the rod 95 and pulls the block 3 3 out of engagement with the oper- When the tabuating dog M which is adjustably mounted on the justifying bar 52. At the same time, the rearwardly extending arm 99 of the bell crank pushes the release pin iilii (Fig. 19) into the dog ME to disengage the same from the rack pinion block its, to which the pinions i9, 30. 8i, and t2 are splined. (See Trego Patent No. 1,964,750, July 3, 1934.) The carriage is now free to move under the carriage spring and tabulates to the position where the step 563 engages the tabulating dog Edd (Figs. 11 and 18). This tabulating dog tilt is mounted on a swinging arm m5 which is pivoted to the main frame. The dog i104 may oscillate between the stops tilt and Hill which are mounted on the swinging arm 105 and is normal- 1y held in engagement with the stop iii! by the coil spring 5538. When the tabulator key 89 is depressed, a cross" stop Hi3 conand brings the The tabulating the justifled column M2 on the paper sheet at.

When the operis equipped With tabulating The operator now rewrites the unjustified line 39 as justified line "4. This is accomplished the indicator that agrees with the setting, of the due to the fact that as soon as the operator I begins to write after tabulating, the roller 38 moves downward on the sine-bar 35 for each unit movement of the carriage and since this sine-bar is held in its adjusted position by the holding dog 14, in engagement with the proper set of ratchet teeth on the ratchet head 51, the

carriage advances the proper character space plus the increment produced by the downward movement of the control bar 24 which swings the bell crank levers I1 and causes the paper carriage II to move a slightly greater distance than the movement allowed the escapement rack l5. When the operator has finished rewriting the unjustified line 39, this line terminates at the right of the justified column H2 at the right hand margin line H5, which is a vertical line for the right hand end of each justified line.

After the justified line 4 has been written.

be written in the unjustified line. Each time a character is written, or the space bar is operated to permit carriage movement, the pointer 48 moves one step counter-clockwise (Fig. 15) and indicates the number of letters that may stillbe written for the particular setting oi. the car'- riage movement.

It sometimes happens that a short line occurs,

as at the end of a paragraph, when the operator the operator returns the paper carriage to its right hand position (viewed from the front of the machine) to begin writing a new unjustified line. As the operator returns the carriage, a return dog M6 on the rack bar 42 engages the block 44 (Fig. 5) and 45.with the carriage. When this occurs, the rack 48 cooperating with the gear segment 41 swings the pointer 48 to the starting position as shown in full lines in Fig. 15. The movement of the operating bar to the left (Fig. 5) turns the shaft 52 counter-clockwise and swings the upwardly extending arm 54 to cause the'upper end thereof to engage a pin on the holding dog 14 (Figs. 5, l2, and l l). lever 54 cams pin |l| upwardly and releases the dog 14 from the ratchet teeth on the ratchet I When this happens, the weight of the head 51. pivoted sine-bar causes the bar to drop'to its lowest or greatest inclined position. As the bar drops, it swings the ratchet head 51 counterclockwise due to the downward pressure on the moves the operating bar,

The upper end of the link 6| .operatingthrough the arm 68, the sleeve 59, and the arm 58 which carries the ratchet head 51. In its lowest position, the control bar rests on a shelf I I8 on the release arm I I!) which is pivoted on the plate I20 and is connected with the dog 14 to hold the coiled spring |2| stressed and retain the holding dog 14 out of engagement with the ratchet head 51. The downward movement of the sine-bar is stopped by the arm 60 contacting with the stop pin I22. A stop pin I24 is located in the path of the arm 58 which carries the ratchet head 51 to limit the movement of the ratchet head and to stop the carriage from further movement if the operator attempts to write beyond the number of characters permitted after the signal bell has rung. When the arm 58 contacts the stop pinl24, the shaft 52 is no longer permitted to rotate and the oper ating bar 45 is held stationary with the operating dog 4| in engagement therewith and since this dog is carried on the justifying rack bar 42 which is mounted on the paper carriage, the paper carriage can no longer move.

In order that the operator .may know how many characters may be written after the signal bell has rung, the pointer 48 moves over the indicator scale 49. It will be observed that there are four sets of numerals provided on the indicator scale 49. These four sets of numerals correspond to the carriage space units for which the carriage control lever B may be set and the operator reads the correct set of numerals on is writing in the unjustified column. It is desirable that such short lines should be written with normal spacing in the justified column. Since the short line is completed before the signal bell rings, the sine-bar is standingin its lowest position to introduce maximum justif cation space, if the carriage is tabulated to cause the typing to occur in the justified column.

In order to enable the operator to write the short line in the justified column with normal spacing the pointer 48 is provided with a finger knob I21 (Fig. 15) whereby the operator may manually move the pointer 48 counter-clockwise. This positive movement of the pointer 48 moves the operating bar 45 (Fig. 5) to turn the shaft 52 and through the connected parts to cause the link 6| to raise the sine-bar 35 in exactly the same manner as if these movements were brought about automatically. If the operator moves the pointer 48 counter-clockwise to' the 0 position on the left of the indicator scale 49, the sine-bar 35 will be horizontal and will constitute a straight line continuation of the track-bar 25 so that any ,typing in the justified column 2 will be written with normal spacing, that is, with the same spacing that the line had when written in the unjustified column. When the carriage is returned to again permit typing inthe unjustified column, the parts act to restore the sine-bar to its lowest position exactly the been raised automatically by operation of the machine instead of having been raised positively by the operator.

' Beforetyping is begun, it is desirable to set the machine for the work to be done. This means determining the length of lines, and the positions of the columns on the paper carried by the paper carriage. Preferably, the dog 4| (Figs. 3, 5, and 18) is set first, and this setting is, preferably, near the center of the scale on the rack bar 42. The dog 4| operates the bell signal (see U. S. Patent 1,963,158, *June 19, 1934), and shortly thereafter contacts with the block 44 (Fig. 5). The setting of this dog 4| therefore indicates the right end of the unjustified line 39. The dog H6 is preferably setnext in order.

ment of the carriage and moves the operating bar 45 to normal position where the carriage is stopped on its return movement. Thus the setting of the stop ||B determines the position of the left hand margin of the unjustified lines 39.

The distance on the scale on the rack-bar 42 besame as if the sine-bar had 4 This dog 6 -contacts with the block 44 on the return moveabove the setting of dog ti on bar 42, thus ii the dog M is set at 80 on the scale, tabulator stop Hi3 will preferably be set at 85". The difference in setting between the dog M and the tabulator stop its determines the space between the column 33 of unjustified lines and the col- 11mm 2 of justified lines. The adjustment sleeve 36 is now set so that the pointer 32 is opposite the 25 mark on the scale 34. This means the distance between the pivot 38, for the sine-bar and the pivot 66 of the guide sleeve 52 -for the sine-bar, is twenty-five units, or two and one-half inches, which corresponds to the distance between dogs 45 and Mt that have previously been set. The reason for this corresponding setting is that justification on the sine-bar should occur only between. pivots 36 and 65. (In Fig. 5, the roller 38 hasbeen moved to an abnormal position on the sine-bar.) The tabulator key 89 (Fig. 18.) is operated and the carriage is stopped by the engagement of stop 03 with the dog ltd. While the carriage stands in this position sleeve 3! (Figs. 9, and 12) is adjusted on the control bar 2d so'that indicator t3 (Fig. 12) on sleeve 3? is aligned with pointer 32 on adjustment sleeve 3!. The machine is now set for operation wherein the width of the justifled column M2 will be two and one-half inches and the space between the uniustified column 33 and the justified column H2 will be five units or one-half of an inch. It will be observed that the setting of the adjustment sleeve 32 is along the bar 27 that is fixedly mounted to extend parallel to the travel of the paper carriage i l. When the adjustment sleeve 35 bar 21, the sine-bar 35 isslid through the guide sleeve'dt, and the initial angle of the sine-bar 35 to carriage travel path is changed. This automatically corrects the justifi cation increment for difierent length of lines, for example, if the justified line is two and one-half inches long and one unit is tobe distributed throughout this line,

the proper adjustment as above described-of the adjustment sleeve 38 automatically distributes this one unit throughout the total length of the line. If the justified line is four inches long and one'unit is to be distributed, the setting of the adjustment sleeve 3% opposite the 40 on the scale 35 (assuming the other elements and stops are properly set) will set the sine-bar 35 so that one unit will be distributed throughout the four inch justified line. Thus it will be seen that the basic inclination of the sine-bar is automatically changed for each length of line by the setting of the sleeve 38.

The purpose of writing the .unjustified column by this machine is to set the machine so as to automatically produce thejustified column when the subject-matter of the unjustified column is rewritten line for line in the justified column,

immediately after each line is written in the unjustified' column. When a work sheet has been completed, the sheet of paper may be severed, to separate the justified column from the unjustifled column. The justified column may then be 'used as a part of a Make-ready which may be reproduced by photolithography, or other printing method, for any purposes desired. 4

The machine is equipped with a suitable electric drive I (Fig. 6), suitable escapement mechanism I26, and other parts necessary to complete the mechanical construction of the Varityper, which is well known in the art. The escapement is adjusted along the and to the gears l9, 80, 8|, and 82, is fixedly mounted against movement laterally. Consequently, many partsof this machine are omitted from the drawings in order to more clearly illustrate the particular features of the present invention.

What I claim is:

1. In a typewriting machine, a paper carriage, a carriage escapement mechanism for said car- -riage, said escapement mechanism being settable to operate at different letter space intervals, justification mechanism to permit said carriage to move relatively to said escapement mechanism, settable means for said justification mechanism comprising a settable member for each different letter space interval of the escapement mechanism, and means for setting said escapement mechanism and'said justification settable means.

2. In a typewriting'machine, a paper carriage, a carriage escapement mechanism for said carriage, said escapement'mechanism being settable to operate at different letter space intervals, justification mechanism to permit said carriage to move relatively to said escapement mechanism, settable means for said justification mechanism comprising a ratchet head for each different letter space interval of the escapement mechanism, a single holding dog cooperating with said ratchet heads, and means for setting said'escapement mechanism and for setting said. dog relatively to the proper ratchet head.

3. In a device of the class described, the combination of a travelling paper carriage, printing mechanism comprising alphabets of different standard letter spaces selectively settable for use at the printing point, escapement mechanism settable to a plurality of standard letter space movements, justifying mechanism operable to cause said carriage to move increments in addition to the letter space movements of the escapement mechanism, settable devices for setting the justifying mechanism, said settable devices com prising separate means corresponding to each setting of the escapement mechanism, and means to simultaneously set saidescapement. mechanism to a predetermined letter space interval and said settable devices to correspond to the type alphabet operable at the printing point.

4. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a paper carriage, with printing mechanism including a plurality of alphabetsof printing type of different sized characters settable to operate at the printing point, escapement mechanism for the carriage and settable to produce a plurality of series of letter spaces of different widths to correspond to the alphabet in use at the printing point, means for setting said escapement mechanism. so that the escapement spaces correspond to the widths of the characters of the alphabet being used for printing, justifying mechanism comprising in part connecting means operatviely connecting said escapement mechanism with said carriage, a track-bar cooperating with said connecting means to cause said carriage to move during a portion of its travel in also comprising means operable on said connecting'means to permit said carriage to move durmechanism, while capable of imparting or allowing rotative movement to the escapement shaft ing the remaining portion of its travel an increment inaddition to the letter space movement permitted by the escapement mechanism, said justifying mechanism also comprising settable means provided with a holding member corresponding to each escapement spacing control setlar letter space movement.

ing, and means for selecting the proper holding member for the justifying mechanism when said :scapement mechanism is set for a particular etter space movemen 5. In a machine of the class described, the com- Jination of a paper carriage, with printing mechanism including a plurality of alphabets of printing type of different sized characters settable to operate at the printing point, escapement mechanism for the carriage and settable to produce a plurality of series of'letter spaces of different widths to correspond to the alphabet in use at the printing point, means for setting said escapement mechanism so that the escapement spaces correspond to the widths of the characters of the alphabet being used for printing, justifying mechanism comprising in part connecting means operatively connecting said escapement mechanism with said' carriage, a track-bar cooperating with said connecting means to cause said carriage to move during a portion of its travel in accordance with letter spacing of said escape-.

ment mechanism, said justifying mechanism also comprising means operable on said connecting means to permit said carriage to move during another portion of its travel an increment in addition to the letter spacemovement permitted by the escapement mechanism, said justifying mechanism also comprising settable means provided with a ratchet head corresponding to each escapement spacing control setting, and means comprising a holding dog for selecting the proper ratchet head for the justifying mechanism when said escapement mechanism is set for a particu- 6. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a travelling paper carriage; an escapement, a rack cooperating with said escapement, a pair of bell cranks pivoted to said carriage, one arm of each of said bell cranks being connected with said rack, a control bar connecting the other arms of said bell cranks, a track parallel to the movement of said carriage, a sine-bar comprising a continuation of said track and being adjustable to angles of inclination, a roller on said controlbar adapted to travel on said track and said sine-bar, an operating bar, means carried by said carriage adapted to cooperate withsaid operating bar when a predetermined point is reached in the travel of said carriage, mechanism operated by said operating bar and adapted to change the inclination of said sine-bar for each letter space movement of said carriage after said predetermined point is reached, tabulating mechanism adapted to release said operating bar from control of said carriage and to release said carriage from control by said escapement for predetermined free travel of hold said sine-bar in its adjusted position when said tabulating mechanism is rendered effective. 7. Ina typewriting machine, the combination of printing mechanism, a travelling paper carriage, an escapement, a rack cooperating with said carriage, one arm of each of said bell cranks being rotatively connected with said rack to permit vertical movement between said arms'and said rack, a control bar connecting the other arms of said bell cranks, a track parallel to the movement of said carriage, a sine-bar comprising a continuation of said track and being adjustable to angles of inclination, means to adjust said track and said sine-bar relatively to the travel of said carriage, a roller on said control I bar adapted to travel on said track and said sinerack an increment of said carriage, and means to said escapement, a pair of bell cranks pivoted to bar, an operating bar, means carried by said carriage adapted to cooperate with said operating bar when a predetermined'point is reached in the travel of said carriage, mechanism operated by said operating bar and adapted to change the inclination of said sine-bar for each letter space movement of said carriage after said predetermined point is reached, tabulating mechanism, adapted to release said operatingbar from control of said carriage and to release said carriage from control by said escapement for ,predetermined free travel, ratchet means to hold said sine-bar in its adjusted position when said tabulating mechanism is rendered effective, and devices to release said sine-bar from its adjusted position upon the return movement of said carriage.

8. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a paper carriage, an escapement mechanism, an escapement rack cooperating with said escapement mechanism, a pair of bell cranks pivoted on said carriage and operatively connected with said rack, a control bar connecting said bell cranks whereby a vertical movement of said control bar causes a relative movement between said rack and said carriage, a roller adjustably mounted on said control bar, a track parallel to the travel of said carriage and on which said roller is adapted to travel during a portion of the movement of said carriage, a sine-bar at the end of said track and comprising a continuation thereof for said roller, and means to set said sine-bar said control bar to move downwardly as said roller travels on said sine-bar when said carriage travel brings said roller onto said sine-bar thereby causing saidcarriage to be moved relative to said movement for each letter space movement of said carriage.

9. In a typewriting machine, the, combination of printing mechanism, a paper carriage, an esciapementmechanism, an escapement rack cooperating with said escapement mechanism, a pair of bell cranks pivoted on said carriage and a operatively connected with said, rack, a control bar connecting said bell cranks whereby avertical movement of said control bar causes a relative movement between said rack and said carriage, a roller adjustably mounted on said control bar, a track parallel to the travel of said which said roller is adapted to travel ,during. while an unjustified line is being printing mechanism, a sine-bar at the end of said track and comprising a continuation thereof for said roller, and means to set said sine-bar at predetermined angles ofinclination to cause said control bar to move downwardly as said roller travels on travel brings said roller onto said sine-bar, thereby causing said carriage to be moved relatively to said rack an increment of movement for each letter space movement of said carriage when said carriage is moving during the typing of a justiescapement rack cooperating with said escapement mechanism,

bell cranks pivoted on said carriage and having one pair of arms pivotally connected with said rack, a control bar extending between and connecting the otherpair of arms of said bell cranks, movement on said control bar, a track parallel to the movement of said carriage, a sine-bar comthe movement of said carriage typed by said said sine-bar when said carriage a roller mounted for adjustable v of said bell cranks, a roller crank means prising a continuation of said track whereby said roller travels upon said track and said sine-bar during the movement of said paper carriage, an operating bar, a block carried by said operating bar, a pair of dogs adjustably mounted on said carriage and adapted to cooperate with said block to cause an endwise movement of said operating bar during a predetermined portion of travel of said carriage, and means connected with said operating bar and constructed and arranged to adjust the angle of inclination of said sine-bar when said operating bar is moving in the direction of travel of the carriage for letter spacing.

11. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a paper carriage, an escapement mechanism, an escapement rack cooperating with said escape ment mechanism, bell cranks pivoted on said carriage and having one pair of arms pivotally con nected with said rack, a control bar extending between and connecting the other pair of arms mounted for adjustable movement on said control bar, a track parallel to themovement of said carriage, a sine-bar comprising a continuation of said track whereby said roller travels upon said track and said sinebar during the movement of said paper carriage, an operating bar, a block carried by said operating bar, a dog adjustably mounted on said carriage and adapted to cooperate with said block to cause an endwise movement of said operating bar during a predetermined portion of travel of said carriage, means connected with said operating bar and constructed and arranged to adjust the angle of inclination of said sine-bar when said operating bar is moving in the direction oi travel of the carriage for letter spacing, and means to release said sine-bar from said adjustment when the carriage is returned.

12. In a typewriting and operatively connected with said rack whereby rotative movement of said bell crank means causes a relative movement between said rack and said carriage, said bell crank means during a portion of the travel of said carriage, and mechanism operated by said carriage to automatically set the inclination of said sinebar during a portion of the travel of said carriage.

13. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a papercarriage, an escapement mechanism, a rack cooperating with said escapement mechanism, bell crank means 'pivoted on said carriage and operatively connected with said rack whereby rotative movement of said bell crank means causes a relative movement between said rack and said carriage, a sine-bar adapted tocontrol said bell said carriage, mechanism operated by said carriage to automaticallyset the inclination of said sine-bar during a portion of the travel of said carriage, and means to hold said sine-bar in set a carriage is of bell cranks pivotally connection between said rack and said carriage, a control bar connecting the other pair of saidbell crank arms, a roller during a portion of the travel of a rack cooperating with said escapement mechanism, a pair mounted on said carriage and having arms co-- clination whereby said carriage receives justifica tion movement when said roller is travelling upon said sine-bar.

15. In a machine of the class described,-the combination of a paper carriage, printing mechanism comprising a plurality of alphabets of printing types of difi'erent size characters settable to operate at the printing point, escapement mechanism settable to produce a plurality of series of letter spaces of different widths to correspond to the alphabet in use at the printing point, means for setting said escapement mechanism so that the escapement spaces correspond to the width of the characters of the alphabet-used for printing, justifying mechanism to permit said carriage to move an increment in addition to the letter space movement permitted by the escapement mechanism, said justifying mechanism comprising a ratchet head corresponding to each escapement spacing control setting,and means to select the ratchet head corresponding to the escapement control setting .when said escapement mechanism is set.

16. In a typewriting machine, the combination of printing mechanism, a paper carriage, an escapement mechanism, an escapement rack cooperating with said escapement mechanism, a

/ pair of'bell cranks pivoted on the carriage and a sine-bar adapted to control operatively connected with said rack, a control bar connecting said bell cranks whereby a vertical movement of said control bar causes a relative movement between said rack and said carriage, a roller mounted on said control bar, a sine-bar adapted to be inclined relative to the travel of said carriage, said roller being adapted to travel on said sine-bar, and means to set said sine-bar at predetermined angles of inclination to cause said control bar to move downwardly as said roller travels on said sine-bar during the travel of said carriage, thereby causing said carriage to be moved relatively to said rack an increment of movement for each letter space movement or said carriage.

17. In a printing apparatus, carriage means to carry a print receiving surface, said carriage means being operable to bodily shift a certain prescribed distance for each character impress1on made on said surface, a fixedly mounted escapement mechanism, a line justifying mechanism adapted to vary the distance through which said carriage means moves for each character impression, said line justifying mechanism comprising in part a pivoted sine bar and also connecting means between the sine-bar and the carriage means, and means responsive to the position assumed by said carriage means within a predetermined portion of its range of movement and operable to control the sine-bar of said justifying mechanism in accordance with the position of the carriage means.

18. In a printing apparatus, carriage means to carry a print receiving part operable to advance intermittently as successive characters are imprinted thereon, a fixedly mounted escapement mechanism, a line justifying mechanismfor carriage advance, said last mentioned means printed on said part, said justifying mechanism comprising in part a pivoted sine-bar and also connecting means between the sine-bar and the c carriage means, and means responsive to predetermined positions of said part in its advancement for controlling said justifying mechanism and causing the justifying mechanism to comprising in part a pivoted sine-bar.

'23. In a printing apparatus, a line justifyingmechanism for varying the line lengths, of a given set of characters, said line justifying mechi anism comprising in part a pivoted sine-bar and connecting means, a carriage connected to said connecting means and operable to advance in step-by-step manneras successive character printing operations are performed, an escapement mechanism mounted against lateral movement, means responsive to the advance of said carriage within a certain range of its total length of movement to proportionately adjust the regulation of said justifying mechanism, and means for presetting said sine-bar of, said justifying mechanism in adjusted position when said carapparatus comprising in part a pivoted sine-bar and also connecting means connecting said sine-- barand said carriage means, and means responsive to the position of said carriage means within a certain predetermined range of its total path of movement for setting said justifying mechanism, said means setting said justifying mechanism for controlling the movements of said carriage means after-the said carriage means has passed said range in its path of movement.

20..In a printing apparatus, a carriage for carrying a print receiving part adapted to advance in a series of stepsalonga given path of movement as character impressions are made thereon, a fixedly mounted escapement mechanism, means for positioning said carriage at a certain place along said path of movement for starting a line of characters, justifying mechanism for controlling the movement of said partduring'the printingof said line of characters in order to vary the line length thereof, said justifying mechanism comprising in part a pivoted sine-bar and also connecting means between said sine-bar and said carriage, and means responsive to certain predetermined positions of said carriage in its path of movementpriorto said starting place for regulating said justifying mechanism.

21. In a printing apparatus, a carriage adapted to advance along a given path of movement, a fixedly mounted escapement mechanism, means positioning said carriage intermediate the extremes of its path of movement for startingthe printing of a line of characters, means controlling the-movement of said carriage during the printing of said line of characters, and means responsive to certain positions of said carriage within a prescribed range of movement in advance of said starting position for regulating the last mentioned control means in accordance with the position of the carriage in this range of movement, said last mentioned control means comprising in part a pivoted sine-bar and also connectingmeansbetween said sine-bar and'said carriage.

riage is in said range of movement.

. 24. 'In a machine of the. class described, the

combination of printing mechanism, a paper car- I riage to carry-the material being printed upon, an escapement mechanism, a rack bar operatively connected with said escapement mechanism and to which said escapement mechanism allows an intermittent movement, justification mechanism comprising in part connecting means operativeiy connecting said rack barwith said paper carriage to communicate movement from said rack bar to said carriage, said justification mechanism also comprising a pivoted sine-bar for controlling said connecting means to cause a relative movement betweensaid carriage and said rack bar during letter space movement of said carriage, a track bar cooperating with said connecting means to prevent relative movement between said carriage and said rack bar when .the printing "mechanism is operated during a portion of the travel of the carriage, and means for setting said sine-bar to enable the same to be effective to cause a relative movement between said carriage and said rack bar during the further movement of said carriage.

25. In a machine. of the class described, the

combination of a printing mechanism, a papercarriage to carry the material -being printed upon, an escapement mechanism, a rack bar operatively connected with said escapement mechanism and to which said escapement mechanism 22. A printing apparatus comprising, in comnism, means for varying the step-by-step char acter of advance of said carriage, and means operativelyassociated with said carriage and with the said first means and adapted in response to certain advancements of the carriage to progressively alter the control of said first means over the step-by-step character of the allows an intermittent movement, justifying mechanism comprising in part connecting means operativeiy connecting said rack bar with said carriage to permit relative movement between said rack and said carriage, said justifying mechanism also comprising a sine-bar for controlling said connecting means to cause a relative movement between said carriage and said rack bar during letter space movement of said carriage, a track bar for controlling said connecting means to cause said rack bar and said carriage to move in unison while an unjustified line istyped when said printing mechanism is operated during a portion of the travel of the carriage, andmeans to automaticallyset said sine-bar during the typing of a portion of an unjustified line to 'cause a relative movement between said carriage and said rack bar while a, justified line is. being typed during the remainder of the movement of the carriage.

26. In a machine of theclass described, the combinationnof printing mechanism, a paper carriage to carry the material beingprinted upon, an' escapement mechanism, a rack bar operativeiy connected with said escapement mechanism and to which. said escapement mechanism allows an intermittent movement, justifying eratively connecting saidrack bar with said paper carriage to permit relative movement. be-

tween s'aid rack bar and said paper carriage,

said justifying'means also comprising a sine-bar for controllingsaid connecting means to cause a. relative movement between saidipaper, carriage and said rack bar duringletter space movement of said paper carriage, a track bar for controltifying means comprising in part connectingmeans operatively' connecting said escapement rack with said carriage whereby said carriage may be moved independently of said rack and also a settable sine-bar cooperating with said connecting means, printing mechanism, a track bar substantially parallel with movement of; the said carriage and cooperating with said connecting means to prevent relative movement between ling said connecting means to cause said rack 1Q said carriage and saidrack, and setting means bar and said paper carriage to move in unison while anunjustified' line is typed when said printing mechanism is operated duringa portion of the travel of the paper carriage, meansto aufor setting said sine-barrtoavary the movement of said carriage relative to said rack whereby a justified line may be written.

29. In a typewriting machine, the combinatomatically set 'said sine-bar during the typing tion of printing mechanism, a paper carriage, a

of a portion of said unjustified line, to cause a; relative movement between said rack bar and said paper carriage whileajustified line is being typed during the remainder of movement of said paper carriage, and means to reset said sine-bar to normal position when said paper car-- ment rack with said carriage whereby said car-- riage may be movedindependently of said ra'ck, printing mechanism, a track bar cooperating with said connecting means to prevent relative movement betweensaid carriage and said rack whereby an unjustified line may be written on said paper carried by said carriage, said justifying mechanism also comprising settable meanscooperating with said connecting means, and

setting means for automatically setting said'settable-means while a portion of said unjustifled line is being Written.v

28. In a machine of the class described, a pacarriage mounted for letter space movement, an escapement mechanism, an escapement rack connected with the escapement mechanism, jusvfixedly mounted escapement mechanism, carriage stoppage devices to determine at least two columnar positions for movement of the carriage, justification mechanism adapted to add an 2o increment of movement to the carriage inaudition to that allowed by the escapement mechanism, and means to set said justification mechanism during the typing of a portion of an'un- .iustifled line in the first. columnar position so th said justification mechanism is eiTective upon a retyping of the same line in the second columnar position to produce a justifled line.

tion of printing mechanism, a paper carriage. a

fixedly mounted escapement mechanism, carriage stop devices to-determine at least two columnar positions for movement of the carriage,.justification mechanism adapted to add an increment of movement to the carriagein addition to that allowed by the escapement mechanism, and

means operated by the movement of the carriage to set said justification mechanism during the typing of a portion of an undustified line in the I first columnar position so that said .iustification mechanism is eifective upon a retyping of the same line in the second columnar position to .produce a justified line.

CHARLES W. NORTON. 

